Antenna



March 18, 1941. MOSER ETAL 2,235,162

ANTENNA Filed Dec. 15, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 \g \g SE 5, b bf c b c 9 I 2 3 INVENTORS WILHELMMOSER BY WLHM PETERS ATTORNEY March 18, 1941. I

w. MOSER a-rm. 62

ANTENNA Filed Dec; 15, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INV NTORS w/LHELM 'MOSER BY w/u/ PETERS" AT'ORNEY Patented Mar. 18, 1941 I f f PATENT OFFICE ANTENNA,

Wilhelm Moser amlWilhelm Peters, Berlin, Germany, assignors to Telefunken Gesellschaft fiir Drahtlose Telegraphic m, b. H Berlin, Germany, a corporation of ,Germany 7 A plication December 15, 193s,- Serial No. 245,859 In Germany December 15, 1937 v 4 Claims. (cram-1'15):

It is known in the art to combine linear antennae, more particularly dipole antennae, in such a way that directional eifects are produced. However, assemblies of this kind known in the 5 art are always so designed that dipoles preferably oflike length are fed with standing waves, such dipoles being mounted in a plane and being fed from energy feeder lines in such a way that the desired directional action results. Such planes containing dipoles, however, are operable,

in any given instance, only with a definite wavelength since dipoles will work only at their own natural period of oscillation or a closely adjacent oscillation. It will be remembered that such dipole combinations or arrays have a reactance which is markedly dependent upon the wavelengths. In other words, they are not readily useful for operation on, say, very broad modulation bands of the kind employed, for instance, in television work.

The invention is concerned with antenna systems working with progressing or propagating waves (Beverage antennae). The constituents or elements of these, as known in the prior art, may consist of rectilinear or curved wires, optionally of combinations of these. The essential feature of the invention is that the end of each constituent or elementary antenna of the aerial system turned away from the feeding point delivers energy by way of suitably designed coupling means to the next antenna, the termination of each individual antenna being matched to its surge impedance.

In what follows a number of exemplified embodiments of the idea shall be explained more fully by reference to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of the invention, Figure 2 is a modification thereof and Figures 3, 4 and 5 are further applications of the invention to other forms of antennas.

Referring to Figure 1, the wires a1, a2, as, a; are a plurality of linear wires placed and directed parallel to one another. If desired, they may be disposed in one and the same plane. The length of the elementary wires and their angular directions in reference to the direction of the line connecting the base points b1, b2, b3, 124, are, for example, so chosen that a main lobe of the characteristic arising with propagating waves will 50 fall in this direction. The transmitter is connected at point 171, while at the opposite ends 01, 02, cs, 04, respectively, coupling means d1, d2, d3, etc., are provided by which the energy reaching 01 is transmitted in the absence of radiation and 55 in suitable phase to point b2, b3, b4, respectively.

Figure 2 shows an exemplified embodiment of the invention in which the wires a1, a2, a3, (14 areconnected at points c1, c2, 03, etc., the characteristic impedance of 01,- 02, 03, etc., being made equal to the characteristic impedance of theline 6 a1, a2, a3, etc. The-lengths of the lines e1, e2, e3, etc., are so chosenthat the lengths a1+e1, az-Fez, and aa+es,' etc., result in transit times of the waves so that the radiation energy will be reinforced in the direction, for instance, b1, b2

For instance, if the distance b1, b2, b3, b4, etc., is equal to M4, then a1+e1 must be made equal to an odd multiple of the quarter-wave. In order to obtain the correct phase in this kind of energy transmission from point In to ba may also be 15 insured as fundamentally known in the art, and, according to the invention, by inserting phase shifting means. Also, according to the invention, the connecting line e1, an, ex, a; could consist of non-radiating lines of a form known in the prior art, with matching transformers being then inserted between 01 and c1 as well as between el and (11, etc.

Another exemplified embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 3 in which long wire antennae of rhombic form as known in the art f1, f2 are connected in series. Rhomb h is coupled at the input end In with the transmitter s. The output end c1 is associated by way of a suitably designed energy feeder lead d1, say, a parallel-wire line to the input 122 of rhomb ,fz; from the end 02 of the latter by way of energy feeder (12 to the input be of rhomb f3, etc. In this arrangement the distance between points b1, b2, b3, and the length or phase transit times of the energy transmitting means d1, d2, d3 are so'dimensioned in line with what is known in the art that the energy becomes a maximum in the direction b1, b2, b3.

Another exemplified embodiment of the inven- 40 tion is shown in Figure 4 where several circles (11, m, as, etc., are disposed parallel and co-axially spaced equal distances apart. Circle (11 is fed from the transmitter s; its end c1 is united with the beginning In of the second circle by way of the energy feeder 011. Similarly, the end 02 of circle az is connected through the energy feeder with the ring as. In this embodiment, the phase transit times of the transmission or feeder means d1, (12, etc., is so chosen that it is a wholemultiple of 211-. What then results are circular horizontal diagrams, and focusing in the vertical.

Another embodiment of the invention is to combine elementary antennae in such a way that rows fed separately or in parallel result. An exemplified embodiment of this idea is shown in Figure 5. Two or more parallel rows of elementary radiators are provided, and of these each radiator has only propagating waves. Group 1 comprises the radiators g1, g2 and g3; the second group contains g1, g2, 93', etc. The geometric distance betwen the groups is preferably M2. Feeding with energy is effected as shown in Figure 5, by way of the beginnings b1 and In etc., of the groups in parallel and in phase. The transmission of the energy from the individual radiator g1 to radiator 92 together with the transmission lead from. the radiator or to radiator g2 forms a non-radiating energy feeder line whose characteristic impedance, according to the invention, is chosen equal to the characteristic impedance of the radiators grand gr. The feeding of radiators g3 and as is. effected in a similar manner, and so on. The end ra.-

diators g3, gs, as known in the art, are tenninated by means i, designed to preclude reflection and thus the formation of standingwaves.

We claim:

1. An antenna system comprising a plurality of coaxially arranged horizontal loop antennae, means for connecting said loop antennae in a series relationship, means for energizing said system connected to one of said antennae, said connecting means including phase adjusting means means. for connecting said loop antennae in a series relationship, means for energizing said system connected to one of said antennae, the connecting means between each of said antennae having a phasetransit time such that the energy in said loopsis in an in-phase relationship.

4. An antenna system comprising a plurality of coaxially arranged horizontal loop antennae, means for connecting said loop antennae in a series relationship, means for energizing said system connected to the lowermost of said antennae, the connecting means between each of said antennae having a phase transit time such that the energy in said loops is in an in-phase relationship.

WILHELM MOSER. WILHELM PETERS. 

